What Are the Differences Between Being Drunk and Being High?

April 1, 2024

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Understanding the Effects of Alcohol and Cannabis

To comprehend the differences between being drunk and being high, it's crucial to understand the effects of alcohol and cannabis on the body and mind. Both substances have distinct short-term effects that contribute to their unique experiences.

Short-Term Effects of Alcohol

Alcohol consumption leads to various short-term effects that can vary from person to person. Common sensations experienced when drinking alcohol include relaxation, lowered inhibitions, increased sociability, and euphoria. However, these effects can also be accompanied by impaired judgment, coordination, and motor skills.

The degree of intoxication experienced from alcohol largely depends on the amount consumed. The more alcohol consumed, the more pronounced the effects. It's important to note that alcohol can impair inhibitory control, potentially leading to increased alcohol consumption during a single drinking episode.

Additionally, alcohol can impact cognitive function by impairing information processing capacity. This can contribute to risky behavior and decreased executive control. Motor performance, as assessed by the Finger Tapping Test, tends to be a better predictor of subjective intoxication than executive control, as measured by the Trail Making Test [3].

Short-Term Effects of Cannabis

The short-term effects of cannabis can also differ from person to person. Some individuals may find that being high feels similar to being drunk, while others describe the sensations as entirely distinct. The effects can vary based on the strain of cannabis, the method of consumption, and individual tolerance levels.

Common short-term effects of cannabis consumption include relaxation, euphoria, altered perception of time, increased appetite, and heightened sensory experiences. However, cannabis can also impair short-term memory, coordination, and concentration for some individuals.

It's important to note that the acute effects of cannabis and alcohol consumption can impact decision-making. While alcohol consumption has been associated with increased intentions to engage in risky sexual behavior and poorer negotiation skills (PubMed Central), the short-term effects of cannabis can affect cognitive function and motor skills.

Understanding the differences in short-term effects is essential for individuals to make informed choices and understand the potential risks associated with alcohol and cannabis consumption. It's important to prioritize personal safety and responsible use when engaging with either substance.

Key Differences Between Being Drunk and Being High

When comparing the effects of alcohol and cannabis, there are several key differences between being drunk and being high. These differences can impact sensations and experiences, intoxication levels, and impairment of cognitive abilities.

Sensations and Experiences

The short-term effects of alcohol and cannabis can vary from person to person. While some individuals may find that being drunk or high feels similar, others describe the sensations as very different. The experience of being drunk often involves a sense of relaxation, lowered inhibitions, and impaired coordination. On the other hand, being high typically involves feelings of euphoria, altered perception of time, and an enhanced sensory experience.

Intoxication Levels

The level of intoxication differs between alcohol and cannabis. The effects of alcohol can be influenced by the amount consumed, with higher levels leading to increased impairment. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is used to measure alcohol intoxication levels. In many countries, a BAC of 0.08% is considered the legal limit for driving. Exceeding this limit can result in severe impairment and legal consequences.

On the other hand, measuring intoxication levels for cannabis is more complex. The psychoactive component in cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is responsible for its effects. The concentration of THC in the bloodstream can vary based on factors such as the method of consumption, the potency of the product, and individual tolerance. Unlike alcohol, there is no universally accepted legal limit for THC intoxication.

Impairment of Cognitive Abilities

Both alcohol and cannabis can impair cognitive abilities, reflexes, and judgment when intoxicated. However, the specific effects may differ. Alcohol can cause decreased coordination, slowed reaction times, and impaired decision-making skills. Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to blackouts and memory loss.

Cannabis can also impair cognitive functions, including short-term memory, attention, and concentration. It can affect reaction times and coordination, making activities such as driving unsafe. However, the extent of impairment can vary depending on the strain, potency, and individual tolerance to cannabis.

It's important to note that the effects of both alcohol and cannabis can vary from person to person. Factors such as tolerance, individual metabolism, and the presence of other substances can influence the intensity and duration of the effects.

Understanding the key differences between being drunk and being high can help individuals make informed choices about substance use and minimize potential risks. It's important to prioritize safety, adhere to legal regulations, and be aware of the potential effects on physical and mental well-being.

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol and Cannabis

Understanding the long-term effects of alcohol and cannabis is essential for making informed decisions about their use. While the long-term effects of alcohol have been extensively studied, the research on the long-term effects of cannabis is still evolving. Let's explore the known long-term effects of alcohol and cannabis.

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol

Heavy or prolonged alcohol consumption can have detrimental effects on various aspects of health. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, long-term alcohol abuse can lead to liver damage, pancreatitis, and an increased risk of certain cancers. Excessive alcohol consumption is also associated with poorer cognitive performance, particularly with regards to memory, attention, and decision-making.

Furthermore, neurotoxicity induced by alcohol can result in neurodegeneration, primarily affecting brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. These structural changes can lead to difficulties in executive functioning, learning, and memory.

Long-Term Effects of Cannabis

The long-term effects of cannabis are not as clearly defined as those of alcohol due to differences in consumption methods and limitations in research. While available studies suggest that heavy cannabis use during adolescence is associated with certain disruptions in brain structure and function, the effects of cannabis in adults remain less understood [4].

Heavy cannabis use has been linked to decreased subcortical volume, increased frontoparietal cortical thickness, disrupted functional development, and decreased executive functioning and IQ compared to non-using controls. However, the severity of these effects may vary depending on the dosage and frequency of cannabis use.

It's important to note that the long-term effects of cannabis are still being studied, and further research is needed to fully understand the potential risks and benefits.

In summary, long-term alcohol abuse is associated with various health problems, including liver damage, pancreatitis, and cognitive impairment. On the other hand, the long-term effects of cannabis are less well-defined due to limited research. While heavy cannabis use during adolescence has been linked to certain disruptions in brain structure and function, the effects of cannabis in adults remain less clear. It is crucial to consider these long-term effects when making decisions about alcohol and cannabis consumption.

Addiction and Misuse Potential

When considering the differences between being drunk and being high, it's important to address the addiction and misuse potential of alcohol and cannabis. Both substances have the potential for misuse and can lead to addiction.

Alcohol Use Disorder

Alcohol use disorder is a common issue affecting millions of people worldwide. In the United States alone, approximately 15 million individuals struggle with alcohol use disorder [4]. This disorder is characterized by a compulsive and problematic pattern of alcohol consumption that can lead to negative consequences in various areas of life, including physical health, relationships, and work or school performance.

Alcohol use disorder can range from mild to severe, and it is often associated with tolerance (needing more alcohol to achieve the desired effects) and withdrawal symptoms when alcohol consumption is reduced or stopped. Seeking professional help and support is crucial for individuals struggling with alcohol use disorder.

Marijuana Use Disorder

Similarly, cannabis also has the potential for addiction and misuse. According to a 2015 study, approximately 30% of individuals who use cannabis may have some degree of "marijuana use disorder". Marijuana use disorder is characterized by problematic cannabis use that leads to impairment or distress in various areas of life.

Individuals with marijuana use disorder may experience difficulties controlling their cannabis use, spending a significant amount of time obtaining or using the substance, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when attempting to quit or cut down on use. Seeking professional help and support is important for those struggling with marijuana use disorder.

It's worth noting that addiction and misuse potential can vary among individuals, and not everyone who uses alcohol or cannabis will develop a substance use disorder. However, it is essential to be aware of the potential risks and to seek help if substance use becomes problematic.

Understanding the addiction potential of alcohol and cannabis is crucial in promoting responsible and informed substance use. If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use, it's important to reach out to healthcare professionals or addiction specialists for guidance and support.

Risks and Safety Considerations

When it comes to the risks and safety considerations of alcohol consumption and cannabis use, it's important to understand the potential effects and make informed choices regarding their use.

Safety of Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol, when consumed heavily or over a long period of time, can lead to several long-term effects. These include liver damage, pancreatitis, and an increased risk of certain cancers, as stated by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Excessive alcohol consumption can also lead to impaired judgment, increased risk of accidents, and negative impacts on personal relationships and overall well-being.

Alcohol use disorder, commonly known as alcoholism, is a significant concern. According to the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, approximately 15 million people in the United States struggle with alcohol use disorder. This condition can have severe physical, mental, and social consequences, making it crucial to be aware of the risks associated with alcohol consumption and to practice moderation.

Safety of Cannabis Use

When it comes to the safety of cannabis use, the available research is still evolving. While the long-term effects of cannabis are not as clearly defined as those of alcohol, it is generally believed that cannabis has fewer long-term risks. However, it is important to note that there is a significant gap in the amount of research conducted on cannabis in comparison to alcohol, making it challenging to definitively declare one substance as safer than the other [4].

One potential concern with cannabis use is the potential for misuse and addiction. Approximately 30% of individuals who use cannabis may have some degree of "marijuana use disorder." While this is lower than the prevalence of alcohol use disorder, it is still a significant consideration [4].

It is worth mentioning that the responses to alcohol and cannabis can vary greatly among individuals. What may be perceived as safer for one person may not be the case for another. It is important to be aware of personal tolerance levels, potential interactions with other substances, and individual health factors when making decisions about alcohol or cannabis use.

In summary, both alcohol and cannabis have their own set of risks and safety considerations. Alcohol, when consumed heavily or over a long period of time, can lead to various long-term effects and the potential for alcohol use disorder. Cannabis, while appearing to have fewer long-term risks, also has the potential for misuse and addiction. It is essential to approach the use of these substances with caution, understanding the potential risks and making informed choices regarding their consumption.

Impacts on Cognitive Functioning

Alcohol and cannabis can both have significant effects on cognitive functioning. Understanding these effects is essential for comprehending the differences between being drunk and being high.

Alcohol and Cognitive Performance

Alcohol can impair cognitive performance, particularly in tasks that require inhibitory control and executive functioning. Inhibitory control refers to the ability to suppress impulsive responses, while executive functioning involves higher-order cognitive processes such as planning, problem-solving, and decision-making.

Research suggests that greater impairment of inhibitory control from alcohol is associated with increased alcohol consumption during a single drinking episode. Long-term alcohol abuse has also been associated with poorer cognitive performance. However, the associations between light and moderate drinking and cognitive performance are less clear.

Excessive alcohol consumption is assumed to be neurotoxic and can lead to neurodegeneration in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. This can result in impaired working memory, verbal memory, and learning in both adolescents and adults [5]. Additionally, cross-sectional studies have shown impaired executive cognitive performance and brain development in young adult binge drinkers compared to non-binge-drinking individuals.

It's important to note that the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive performance can vary based on factors such as the amount consumed, frequency of consumption, and individual differences. In some cases, no consistent association has been observed between alcohol consumption and cognitive performance in certain populations [5].

Cannabis and Cognitive Performance

The effects of cannabis on cognitive performance are also noteworthy. While cannabis intoxication can impair cognitive function, the specific effects can vary depending on various factors such as the dose, frequency of use, and individual differences.

Research suggests that cannabis use can impact cognitive domains such as attention, memory, and executive functioning. Impairments in attention and memory have been observed during acute intoxication and can persist for several hours following cannabis use. Executive functioning, which includes tasks such as problem-solving and decision-making, can also be affected.

It's important to note that the cognitive effects of cannabis may differ based on the specific cannabinoids present, such as THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol). The ratio of THC to CBD in a particular cannabis product can influence the cognitive effects experienced by an individual.

A study examining subjective intoxication found that disruptions in basic motor responses had a greater influence on self-perceived intoxication than alterations in higher-order cognitive functioning [3]. Motor performance, as measured by the Finger Tapping Test, was a better predictor of subjective intoxication than executive control, as measured by the Trail Making Test [3].

In summary, both alcohol and cannabis can have notable impacts on cognitive functioning. While alcohol is associated with impairments in inhibitory control and executive functioning, cannabis can affect attention, memory, and executive function. It is important to be aware of these effects and make informed decisions regarding the consumption of alcohol and cannabis, considering both short-term and long-term cognitive implications.

Effects on Physical Coordination

When comparing the effects of alcohol and cannabis on physical coordination, it is evident that both substances can impair motor skills and coordination. Let's explore the specific effects of alcohol and cannabis on coordination.

Effects of Alcohol on Coordination

Chronic or excessive alcohol consumption can affect balance and disrupt normal walking patterns. This is because alcohol can damage parts of the brain responsible for coordination, such as the cerebellum. The cerebellum plays a crucial role in coordinating movements and maintaining balance. When alcohol interferes with its functioning, individuals may experience unsteady movements and a loss of coordination [7].

The impairments in coordination caused by alcohol can range from mild to severe, depending on the amount consumed. These effects can also vary from person to person. It's important to note that even small amounts of alcohol can impair coordination, which is why it's crucial to avoid driving or engaging in activities that require precise motor skills after consuming alcohol.

Effects of Cannabis on Coordination

Similar to alcohol, cannabis use can also affect coordination and motor skills. THC, the main psychoactive compound in cannabis, can interfere with the functioning of specific brain sections responsible for coordination, such as the cerebellum and the basal ganglia. The cerebellum, in particular, plays a vital role in coordinating movements and maintaining balance.

When THC binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain, it disrupts the normal functioning of these areas, leading to impaired coordination. Cannabis use can result in unsteady movements, slowed reaction times, and difficulty maintaining balance. These effects can vary depending on factors such as the strain of cannabis, THC potency, and individual tolerance levels.

It's worth noting that the effects on coordination may differ between occasional and heavy cannabis users. Occasional use may have a lesser impact on coordination, while heavy and prolonged use can lead to more pronounced impairments. As with alcohol, it is important to avoid activities that require precise motor skills after using cannabis.

Overall, both alcohol and cannabis can have detrimental effects on physical coordination. It is crucial to exercise caution and make responsible choices to ensure the safety of oneself and others, particularly when engaging in activities that require motor skills and coordination.

Impact on Brain Structure and Function

The consumption of alcohol and cannabis can have distinct effects on the structure and function of the brain. Understanding these effects is crucial in comprehending the differences between being drunk and being high.

Effects of Alcohol on the Brain

Heavy or chronic alcohol consumption can have significant implications for brain structure and function. Studies have shown that heavy alcohol use during adolescence is associated with accelerated decreases in gray matter volume and cortical thickness in frontal, parietal, temporal, and cerebellar regions [6]. This can lead to impairments in cognitive abilities such as attention, learning, memory, visuospatial processing, and psychomotor speed.

The white matter, which facilitates communication between different brain regions, can also be affected by heavy alcohol use. Attenuated white matter growth and poorer white matter integrity have been observed in widespread regions of the brain. These disruptions can further contribute to cognitive impairments and difficulties in impulse control and attentional regulation [6].

Effects of Cannabis on the Brain

The impact of cannabis use on brain structure and function is also noteworthy. Heavy cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood has been associated with specific alterations. These include reduced expansion of the hippocampal region and increased cortical thickness in the frontal and parietal lobes. These changes can contribute to disruptions in executive functions, IQ, visuospatial functioning, and psychomotor speed. However, occasional cannabis use may not have a significant effect on executive functioning [6].

It is important to note that the effects of co-use of alcohol and cannabis during adolescence can be more pronounced in relation to alcohol use than cannabis use. Co-use has been linked to deficits in attentional control, learning and memory, visuospatial functioning, and psychomotor speed [6]. However, further research is needed to fully understand the combined effects of alcohol and cannabis on the brain.

To summarize, heavy alcohol use during adolescence is associated with decreases in gray matter volume and cortical thickness, as well as disruptions in white matter growth and integrity. Heavy cannabis use during the same period can lead to alterations in subcortical volume, cortical thickness, and executive functioning. The co-use of alcohol and cannabis during adolescence may result in more pronounced effects related to alcohol use than cannabis use [6].

Risks and Effects of Adolescent Alcohol and Cannabis Use

During adolescence, the use of alcohol and cannabis can have significant effects on brain development. It is important to understand the potential risks and consequences associated with the use of these substances during this critical period of growth and maturation.

Adolescent Alcohol Use and Brain Development

Studies have shown that heavy alcohol use during adolescence can lead to disruptions in brain structure and function, as well as neurocognitive impairment. Heavy alcohol use has been associated with accelerated decreases in gray matter volume and cortical thickness throughout various regions of the brain, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, and cerebellar regions. It is also linked to attenuated white matter growth and poorer white matter integrity across widespread regions.

Furthermore, adolescent alcohol use can have detrimental effects on cognitive abilities. Impaired impulse and attentional control, learning and memory, visual processing and functioning, and psychomotor speed have been observed in heavy alcohol users during this developmental stage. Verbal ability and psychomotor speed may also be negatively impacted by heavy alcohol use.

Adolescent Cannabis Use and Brain Development

Similar to alcohol, heavy cannabis use during adolescence has been associated with disruptions in brain structure and function, as well as neurocognitive impairments [6]. Heavy cannabis use has been linked to reduced expansion of the hippocampal region and increased cortical thickness in the frontal and parietal lobes. Additionally, it can lead to diminished executive functions, IQ, visuospatial functioning, and psychomotor speed. Learning and memory abilities may also be impaired with heavy cannabis use.

It is worth noting that occasional cannabis use may not have a significant impact on executive functioning, suggesting that the severity of effects may depend on the frequency and amount of cannabis consumed. However, heavy cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood has been consistently associated with cognitive impairments.

Co-Use of Alcohol and Cannabis

The co-use of alcohol and cannabis during adolescence has been found to have detrimental effects on cognitive functioning as well. Deficits in attentional control, learning and memory, visuospatial functioning, and psychomotor speed have been observed in individuals who engage in co-use. However, it is important to note that the effects of co-use may be driven more by alcohol use than by cannabis use.

Understanding the potential risks and effects of alcohol and cannabis use during adolescence is crucial for promoting healthy brain development. It is important for individuals, parents, and caregivers to be aware of these risks and make informed decisions regarding substance use during this critical period of life.

Co-Use of Alcohol and Cannabis

When individuals engage in the co-use of alcohol and cannabis, it is important to understand the potential effects on cognitive functioning and brain structure and function. Studies have shown that heavy alcohol and cannabis use during adolescence can lead to small to moderate disruptions in brain development and neurocognitive impairment. However, the effects of co-use appear to be more pronounced related to alcohol use compared to cannabis use.

Effects of Co-Use on Cognitive Functioning

The co-use of alcohol and cannabis during adolescence has been associated with deficits in various aspects of cognitive functioning. These deficits may include:

Attentional control: Co-use has been linked to impairments in attentional control, which can affect an individual's ability to concentrate and focus on tasks.
Learning and memory: Co-use may impair learning and memory processes, making it more difficult for individuals to retain and recall information.
Visuospatial functioning: Co-use has been associated with disruptions in visuospatial functioning, which can impact an individual's ability to perceive and navigate spatial relationships.
Psychomotor speed: Co-use may lead to slower psychomotor speed, affecting an individual's ability to process and respond quickly to stimuli.

It's important to note that the severity of these cognitive impairments may vary depending on the extent of alcohol and cannabis use.

Effects of Co-Use on Brain Structure and Function

The co-use of alcohol and cannabis during adolescence has been linked to certain disruptions in brain structure and function. However, the effects of co-use appear to be more pronounced related to alcohol use than cannabis use.

Alcohol use during adolescence has been associated with the following effects on brain structure and function:

Decreased gray matter volume: Heavy alcohol use has been linked to widespread decreases in gray matter volume across various brain regions.
Attenuated white matter growth: Alcohol use may result in slowed white matter growth and poorer white matter integrity in widespread brain regions.
Impaired impulse and attentional control: Alcohol use can disrupt the normative development of impulse and attentional control, affecting an individual's ability to regulate behavior and sustain attention.
Verbal ability and psychomotor speed impairments: Heavy alcohol use has been associated with impairments in verbal ability and psychomotor speed.

On the other hand, the effects of cannabis use on brain structure and function are less pronounced compared to alcohol use. Heavy cannabis use during adolescence has been associated with reduced expansion of the hippocampal region and increased cortical thickness in certain frontal and parietal lobes. It may also lead to diminished executive functions, IQ, visuospatial functioning, and psychomotor speed.

In summary, the co-use of alcohol and cannabis during adolescence has been linked to cognitive impairments and disruptions in brain structure and function. However, the effects are more prominently associated with alcohol use rather than cannabis use. It is important to exercise caution and moderation when considering the simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis to minimize potential risks to cognitive functioning and brain development.